引自Duke的关于全球各国教育制度的用于研究生招生的内参文件
International Credentials Guide 2005-2006

关于中国大陆的部分：
System of Education

As of 1977, admission to university level education in China
has been based on a national competitive entrance examination.
Admission into graduate education is based on institutional
and departmental examinations. China began to formally　issue bachelor’s degrees in 1982, and master’s and　doctoral degrees in 1981.Higher education in China is
fairly competitive (approximately 600,000 openings per
year for over two million applicants), but grading on the
graduate and undergraduate level tends to be inflated. Students
who complete a degree, however, represent the very
best of a large pool of students.

Degree Significance

The degrees granted by Chinese universities are very similar
to those granted in the U.S.
• Graduation Certificate (Zhuanke): awarded by postsecondary
institutions upon completion of two to four
years of study.
• Bachelor’s Degree (Benke): the primary higher education
degree awarded. Normally earned after four to five
years of university level coursework.
• Master’s Degree: normally takes three years to complete
and requires a thesis.
• Doctor of Medicine: six to eight years beyond the
Bachelor’s degree.
• Doctoral Degree: the highest degree awarded, usually
requiring three years of course work beyond the master’s,
as well as an oral examination and a dissertation.

Key Universities

Beijing University
Sichuan University
Beijing Medical University
Tianjin University
Fudan University
Tsinghua University
Fuzhou University
University of Science & Techology of China
Jilin University
Lanzhou University
Wuhan University
Nankai University
Zhejiang University
Nanjing University
Zhongshan University
Shandong University
Shanghai Universiy

Grading System

Grading scale may vary. Refer to grading scale on transcript. The
following scale is the most common:

Transcript Grade US Equivalent
90-100 A
80-89 B
70-79 C
60-60 D
0-59 F

Alternate Scale
85-100 A
75-84 B
60-74 C
0-59 F

Pass/fail grades may be given for non-core courses or for graduation
theses.

GPA Conversion (to be used for unofficial GPA only)

If A=85-100 If scale is unknown use:
Transcript Average US GPA Transcript US GPA

98-100 4.0 99-100 4.0
95-97 3.9 97-98 3.9
91-94 3.8 94-96 3.8
88-90 3.7 92-93 3.7
85-87 3.6 90- 91 3.6
84 3.5 89 3.5
83 3.4 88 3.4
82 3.3 87 3.3
81 3.2 86 3.2
80 3.1 85 3.1
79 3.0 84 3.0
78 2.9 83 2.9
77 2.8 82 2.8

Recommendations and Comments

The bachelor’s degree is considered the minimum degree required to
pursue graduate studies. Failing grades are rare and grades tend to be
inflated. GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and the university
attended tend to be more significant indicators of academic performance
than are grades. It is possible to graduate without earning a degree;
student must supply diploma as well as graduation certificate.

报告引言：

November, 2005

Dear International Credential Guide User:

The Graduate School Enrollment Services Office is pleased to present the 2005 edition
of our International Credentials Guide. This guide is designed to assist the departmental
directors of graduate studies and their assistants in evaluating the academic credentials
of the large number of applicants from many different nations.
Information presented on each country’s education system has been taken from a variety
of sources. These sources are identified in the bibliography section of this guide. It
should be noted that, while information on the grading system and recommendations are
based on the latest available research, there is a good deal of variance between universities
within each country. Therefore, the transcript should always be examined for an explanation
of the grading system.
We hope you will find this Guide a useful tool in evaluating international academic credentials.
We welcome your suggestions and comments.

Enrollment Services Office
Duke University Graduate School

原作者：cckant
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